Birth Of Certificate

CIVIL REGISTER

(INDONESIAN CITIZEN)

JAKARTA

EXCERPT OF

BIRTH CERTIFICATE

No.1100887/1992.-

From GENERAL  Register of Civil Registration for Indonesia Citizen about births pursuant to the State Gazatte in Jakarta, that in Jakarta on date twenty seventh of March nineteen ninety two was born: AULIANI daughter of married couple : ARIFIN and ASIH TRI ARIYANTI

This expert conforms to the condition on this day

Jakarta, dated sixth of April

Nineteen ninety two,

Head of Civil Registration Office.

Ari Hutomo

NIP.9665342546

DEFINISI PENERJEMAHAN TEKS KHUSUS

Penerjemahan merupakan proses mengalihbahasa atau mengaliheja secara tulisan suatu bahasa ke bahasa lain tanpa mengubah pesan yang ingin disampaikan. Walaupun terjadi perubahan bentuk (frasa, klausa, kalimat dan paragraf). Seperti yang ditulis Nida dan Taber (12:1974)

sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan Teks khusus adalah Teks yang memungkinkan dokumen-informasi yang berisi kata-kata yang lebih formal atau resmi . Contoh-contoh teks khusus misalnya KTP,IJAZAH,KK dan dokumen penting lainnya.

Setelah mengetahui definisi penerjemahan teks khusus diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam proses penerjemahan teks khusus merupakan proses menerjemahkan tulisan yang bersifat formal dan diisi dengan kata-kata yang resmi yang digunakan dalam dokumen tertentu, misalnya KTP, IJAZAH, KK, dan dokumen yang diresmikan lainnya.

CERTIFICATE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

CERTIFICATE OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

School Year: 2008/2009

The undersigned, Headmaster of The Private Senior High School “SMA Negeri Sejahtera 1 Depok” certifies that:

Name                                                    : Liska Nurwulansari

place and date of birth                           : Jakarta, February 18th 1991

name of parent                                      : Musdalipah binti Markum

name of senior high school                     : SMA Negeri Sejahtera 1 Depok

student registration number                    : 9917445674

participant number                                 : 03-032-474-4

 HAS GRADUATED

from the senior high school  based on  the results of the School and National Examinations and has fulfilled all criteria  pursuant to the applicable regulations.


Depok, 16 Juni 2009

Headmaster,

[stamped & signed ]

Dra. Susimilikitiw, S.Pd

NIP. –

twilight

Twilight

I miss the twilight.
He gave me the warmth that I did not get from the sun.
And let me miss it penetrated into every soul joints.
Fulfilling niches will miss your departure. Stay here, hold me in your arms.
If you can read this longing.
Homesickness when you and I were us. When your hug can cure all sorrow

WEST JAVA PROVINCE DEPOK CITY

Name                           : Liska Nurwulansari

City/Date of Birth          : Jakarta, 18-02-1991

Sex                              : Female                             Blood Type   : O

Address                       : Mampang Indah

Rt/Rw                           : 005/008

Country/Village             : Mampang

Sub-District                  : Pancoran Mas

Religion                        : Islam

Marital Status                : Unmarried

Occupation                   : Entrepreneuer

Nationality                    : Indonesian

Expiry                          : 18-02-2017

CULTURAL INTERACTION BETWEEN THE SUNDANESE AND THE JAVANESE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of Study

In this globalization era there is a lot of changes in our culture, because there is no more gap between in the world to knowing about lifestyle, habits, and the culture of the others country. The word culture has many different meanings.  For some it refers to an appreciation of good literature, music, art, and food. However, for anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns.

Culture is a powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon.  It is constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our minds.  Our written languages, governments, buildings, and other man-made things are merely the products of culture.  They are not culture in themselves.  For this reason, archaeologists can not dig up culture directly in their excavations.  The broken pots and other artifacts of ancient people that they uncover are only material remains that reflect cultural patterns. They are things that were made and used through cultural knowledge and skills.

When many different cultures live together in one society, misunderstandings, biases, and judgments are inevitable—but fair evaluations, relationships, and learning experiences are also possible. Cultures cannot remain entirely separate, no matter how different they are, and the resulting effects are varied and widespread.

1.2  Problem Formulation

“What are the cultural interaction between the Sundanese and the Javanese?”

1.3  Aim of The Research

In this paper the writer wants to find out the interaction of two biggest cultures in Indonesia, Sundanese culture and Javanese culture.

1.4  Problem Limitation

The writer limited the problem of the study focus on the cultural interaction between the Sundanese and the Javanese.

CHAPTER 2

THEORITICAL REVIEW

2.1  Definitions of Culture

Culture (Latin: cultura, lit. “cultivation”) is the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Edward Tylor – 1871)

Culture may be defined as the totality of the mental and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of individuals composing a social group collectively and individually in relations to their natural environment, to other groups, to members of the group itself and of each individual to himself. (Ruth Benedict – 1934)

Culture means the whole complex of traditional behavior which has been developed by the human race and is successively learned by each generation. A culture is less precise. It can mean the forms of traditional behavior which are characteristics of a given society, or of a group of societies, or of a certain race, or of a certain area, or of a certain period of time. (Margaret Mead – 1937)

As a conclusion, a culture is a way of life of a group of people–the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

2.2  Definitions of Culture Interaction

Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. A closely related term is interconnectivity, which deals with the interactions of interactions within systems: combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomena. Interaction has different tailored meanings in various sciences.

2.3 Definitions of the Sundanese

Any member of the highland people of western Java, Indonesia, distinguished from the Javanese mainly by their language and their strict adherence to Islam. First mentioned in the 8th century AD, they are one of the three principal ethnic groups on the island. They once followed Mahayana Buddhism but converted to Islam in the 16th century under the influence of Muslim trade. Sundanese villages are ruled by a headman and a council of elders. Marriage, birth, and death ceremonies conform closely to the Javanese pattern but are often mixed with Hindu elements. Modern developments have tended to erase differences between the Sundanese and other peoples of Java. The Sundanese number about 26 million.

 2.4  Definitions of the Javanese

Any member of the largest ethnic group on the island of Java, Indonesia. They speak an Austronesian language. Traditional Javanese social organization varied in structure from relatively egalitarian villages to the highly stratified society of the cities; these differences find expression in the many Javanese styles of speech still in use.

The Javanese (Javanese Ngoko: Wong Jawa, Krama: Tiyang Jawi; Indonesian:suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. At approximately 85 million people (as of 2009), they form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. They are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of the island. There are also significant populations in most Provinces of Indonesia, in Malaysia, Singapore and also Suriname in South America.

CHAPTER 3

RESULT OF THE STUDY

3.1  The Cultural Interactions

a.       Share accurate information about the cultures involved. Accurate information, combined with frank discussions, can eliminate misunderstanding and misperceptions that create barriers to integration and community building.

b.       Get to know one another as individuals. Over time, such human connection is highly effective at breaking down harmful stereotypes about particular ethnic/racial groups or cultures. It calls adaptation. For immigrant, in this case Javanese. They live in the different situation with their life before. They have to adapt with new situation, new people, new neighborhood. For instance: Javanese just came to Jakarta, they have to report their arrival to the person who in charge in there, like RT. They have to told their neighbor that they just move in and will stay there.

c.        Raise questions, share concerns, and engage in a dialogue. Ongoing honesty and candidness, though sometimes difficult, are critical to creating authentic relationships. Concerns about immigration, race, and other tough issues should be addressed head-on.

d.       Build on the commonalities, but address the differences. The focus should be on helping participants identify shared interests and create shared experiences. At the same time, there should always be willingness to constructively address differences that arise along the way. They have to adjust theirself in social life interaction to prevent some conflicts. For example: they sit and talk together in the meeting of RT/neighborhood to decide something but, in the middle of it there must be a different point of view. So that, there must be a person which have to control it make sure that there will no conflict. Even there is, at least they can hold it.

e.        Establish trust and work together on common issues. Effective programs not only help build trust over time but also help Javanese find common ground. For some reasons their togetherness is a way to make their life closer each other. For example: the natives sometimes hold mutual aid to make their neighborhood clean, they also invite, ask the Javanese people gather around and help them to collate their vision as a citizen there.

f.        Competition. It is a struggle of an individual or a particular social group, in order to gain a competitive victory, without causing any threat or physical impact on their rivals. For example: In one class, students vying hone and demonstrate its capability. In the current test daily test or final exam. At that time, they compete in a healthy manner to get the highest score.

g.        Controversion. Is a form of social processes that sits between competition and conflict. Being controversy among others, the attitude is not happy, either secretly or overtly directed against individuals or groups or the elements of a particular cultural group. For example: In one instance, someone who works very well and finally obtain success. But there are those who want success mentioned spreading false rumors about that person so they can take over the person's success or dropped.

h.       Conflict. Is a social process between individuals or a particular group of people, due to differences in understanding and fundamental interests, giving rise to a sort of gap or gaps that block social interaction among those who fought it. For example: Conflicts that occur between the Betawi and Javanese tribes. Javanese people banned from entering their land. Sometimes this kind of conflict also happen in the little community which they thought Javanese will merebut their land.

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

Indonesia is a country with a great number of cultures and heritages that could be enjoy, explore and need to know because it is too pity if we as an Indonesian never enjoy our culture and heritage. Indonesia has more than hundred culture and heritage that we haven`t figure out and it sometimes it still at the same condition as before. Culture, ethnic, race, religion, and other riches of Indonesia. With that diversity, Indonesia come united. Javanese to Betawi, Riau to Aceh, and other interaction happen everytime. With a lot of interaction happens, actually we don`t have to worried about our land. As long as we know our tradition each other. Globalization era won`t let all of us forget what we are at first.

 From the explanation above the writer could give an analysis that from one land or neighborhood we could learn all of things that happen around us. From sharing, helping, caring, and loving we can be as one even we are from different religion, ethnic, race, or culture. We can come together as long as we cannot close ourself from the outside world. We can filter out what we`ve got from the outside world and got great things to learn as an interaction. So, interaction between humans is not only happen here but also outside. Even other countries, cross the seas, even ocean. Interaction happens everywhere, everytime, every single person, and every kinds of culture.

                                               BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                        

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sundanese

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_culture (accessed on 2013.01.06)

http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm (accessed on 2012.04.04)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture (accessed on 2012.04.04)

http://varenne.tc.columbia.edu/hv/clt/and/culture_def.html. (accessed on 2012.04.04)

http://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html (accessed on 2012.04.04)

http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/choudhury/culture.html (accessed on 2012.04.04)

http://www.answers.com/topic/javanese#ixzz2H4kDbMKz

http://asr97.blogspot.com/

http://dejbudianto.blog.com/

Liska Nurwulansari

12609804

4SA02

CULTURAL INTERACTION

www.gunadarma.ac.id

Name : Liska Nurwulansari

NPM   : 12609804

Class  : 4SA02

The Elements of Culture

1. Language.
1. Language is a set of symbols used to assign and communicate meaning. It enables us to name or label the things in our world so we can think and communicate about them.
2. Language as a social product.
3. Language, communication and interaction.
4. Language, cognition, and reality.
5. Language and culture.

2. Norms.
1. Norms as humanly created rules for behavior.
1. The production of norms.
1. The need for orderly, stable, predictable interactions.
2. The role of power in the production of norms.
2. The reification of norms.
3. Renegotiating and changing norms.
2. Types of norms.

1. Folkways.
2. Mores.
3. Taboos.
4. Rituals.
2. Social Control.

1. Internal social control.

1. Socialization and the internalization of norms.
2. Ideologies, beliefs, and values.
1. External social control.

1. Informal sanctions.
1. Physical and verbal reactions.
2. Embarrassment and stigma.
3. Avoidance and ostracization.
4. The importance of informal sanctions in small groups and organizations.
2. Formal sanctions.

1. Formal sanctions in large organizations.
2. Governments, laws, and police.
3. Courts, hearings, trials, and punishments.
3. Theories of deviance.

1. Deviance as functional.
2. Social disorganization and anomie.
3. Control theory.
4. Structural strain theory.
5. Marxist theories.
6. Value conflict theory.
7. The social construction of deviance.
8. Labeling theory.
9. Cultural transmission and differential association. 
2. Values.

1. Values are anything members of a culture aspire to or hold in high esteem. Values are things to be achieved, things considered of great worth or value.

1. Values are human creations. They are social products.
2. Values can and do become reified.
3. Values can be renegotiated and changed. 
1. While people and groups may disagree as to which are most important, Americans generally value the following. 

1. Democracy, liberty, freedom, independence, autonomy, and individual rights.
2. Capitalism, competition, hard work, self-discipline, and success.
3. Wealth, prosperity, materialism, and consumerism.
4. Equity, fairness, and justice.
5. Equality of opportunity.
6. Love, compassion, humanitarianism, charity, service, and respect for others.
7. Tolerance, forgiveness, and acceptance.
8. Faith, religion, family, conformity, and tradition.
9. Nationalism, patriotism, civic responsibility, and loyalty.
10. Health, happiness, and life.
11. Education, knowledge, science, technology, and innovation.
2. Complimentary and conflicting values.

1. A groups values tend to compliment and support one another. They tend to be in agreement and make sense when considered together. A careful look at the values above reveals “sets” of values that seem to go together.
2. However, it is also possible for values to contradict and conflict with each other, especially in complex modern industrial societies.  For example, competition and success can be seen as contradictory to humanitarianism, compassion, service and self-sacrafice; while equity and justice contradict forgiveness and conformity and tradition contradict tolerance and acceptance.  
3. In fact, many social and political problems can be seen as conflicts between groups emphasizing different values.
3. The relationship between norms and values.

4. Beliefs and ideologies.
1. Beliefs are the things members of a culture hold to be true. They are the "facts" accepted by all or most members. Beliefs are not limited to religious statements, but include all the things a people know and accept as true, including common sense everyday knowledge.
1. Like all other cultural elements, beliefs are humanly created and produced. They are collective social agreements produced during interaction and reified over time. What is "true" or "factual" for a given people is what they collectively agree to be true at that point in time.
2. Beliefs can and do change, especially in modern industrial societies. Today we laugh at things our grandparents used to believe and chances are that our grandchildren will laugh at many of our beliefs as well.
3. This suggests that their is no absolute knowledge or absolute truth. All knowledge and truth is relative.
2. Ideologies are integrated and connected systems of beliefs. Sets of beliefs and assumptions connected by a common theme or focus. They are often are associated with specific social institutions or systems and serve to legitimize those systems.

1. Some prominent American ideologies.
1. Capitalism.
2. Christianity (Protestantism).
3. Individualism
4. Scientism
5. Sexism.
6. Racism.
2. Ideologies are, themselves, often related and connected to each other in complex ideological systems, such that one ideology "makes sense" when considered with another. They also often serve to legitimize each other. Religious ideologies often encompass or subsume many of a culture's ideologies, giving them added legitimacy.
3. However, it is also possible for a culture to hold ideologies that are conflicting and contradictory.
2. The relationship between beliefs and values.

5. Social Collectives.
1. Social collectives such as groups, organizations, communities, institutions, classes, and societies are also collectively produced symbolic social constructions.
1. Social collectives are symbolic entities. They are defined into existence when people define themselves as a group or are defined as a group by others. They can and do become reified over time, such that they are seen and treated as real objective entities. However, they remain fundamentally symbolic entities and as such can be renegotiated and redefined.
2. The symbolic nature of social collectives means that they are typically justified and maintained by ideological systems and ritualistic behavior.
2. Although symbolic entities, social collectives have a real impact on our lives.

1. Collectives as contexts for interaction.
2. Collectives and local cultures.
3. Collectives, status, roles, identity, and the self. 
5. Statuses and Roles.

1. Status, although related, is not a measure of a persons wealth, power, and prestige. To speak of "high" or "low" status is somewhat misleading. A status is a slot or position within a group or society. They tell us who people are and how they "fit" into the group.

1. Status and group membership.
2. Statuses as collective social agreements that become reified over time, but which can and do change.
3. Society as a network of inter-related statuses.
4. The multiplicity of statuses filled by individuals in modern societies.
5. Ascribed and achieved statuses.
6. Master statuses--age, sex, race, class.
7. Status, prestige, wealth, and power.
8. Status inconsistency.
1. Roles are norms specifying the rights and responsibilities associated with a particular status. The term role is often used to mean both a position in society and role expectations associated with it.
1. Roles define what a person in a given status can and should do, as well as what they can and should expect from others. Roles provide a degree of stability and predictability, telling how we should respond to others and giving us an idea of how others should respond to us.
2. Roles are negotiated and produced during interaction, and often become reified over time. However, roles can be renegotiated and changed.
3. Role set, role strain, role conflict, and role transition.
4. Roles, identity, and the self. 
6. Cultural Integration.

1. Cultural integration refers to how interconnected, complimentary, and mutually supportive the various elements of culture are.
2. Diversity, complexity, and integration.
3. Variation within modern mass cultures.
1. Diversity in historical and cultural traditions.
2. Subcultures.
3. Counter-cultures.
4. Local cultures.
4. The mass media and cultural integration.
5. The relationship between beliefs, values, norms, and behavior.
1. The traditional deterministic view.
2. The culture as resource view.

The Difference Between Culture and Civilization

 A culture ordinarily exists within a civilization. In this regard, each civilization can contain not only one but several cultures. Comparing culture and civilization is like showing the difference between language and the country to which it is being used.

Culture can exist in itself whereas civilization cannot be called a civilization if it does not possess a certain culture. It’s just like asking how a nation can exist on its own without the use of a medium of communication. Hence, a civilization will become empty if it does not have its culture, no matter how little it is.

Culture can be something that is tangible and it can also be something that isn’t. Culture can become a physical material if it is a product of the beliefs, customs and practices of a certain people with a definite culture. But a civilization is something that can be seen as a whole and it is more or less tangible although its basic components, like culture, can be immaterial.

Culture can be learned and in the same manner it can also be transmitted from one generation to the next. Using a medium of speech and communication, it is possible for a certain type of culture to evolve and even be inherited by another group of people. On the other hand, civilization cannot be transferred by mere language alone. Because of its complexity and magnitude, you need to transfer all of the raw aggregates of a civilization for it to be entirely passed on. It just grows, degrades and may eventually end if all its subunits will fail.

The Definition of Culture According to Experts

1. Edward B. Taylor

Culture is a complex whole, the knowledge contained therein, belief, art, morals, law, indigenous customs, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of the community.

2. M. Jacobs and B.J. Stern

Culture includes all forms of technology that includes social, ideological, religious, and arts and objects, all of which is the social heritage.

3. Koentjaraningrat

Culture is a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of humans in the context of community life that's self-made man with relajar.

4. Dr. K. Kupper

Culture is a system of ideas that guide and driver for humans in attitude and behavior, either individually or in groups.

5. William H. Haviland

Culture is a set of rules and norms shared by members of the community, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior that is deemed feasible and can be accepted by all societies.

6. Ki Hajar Dewantara

Culture means the fruit of the human mind is the result of mankind's struggle against two powerful influences, namely the age and nature which is a testament to the triumph of human life to overcome the obstacles and hardships in life and livelihood in order to achieve salvation and happiness that the birth is orderly and peaceful.

7. Francis Merrill

• The patterns of behavior generated by social interaction

• All behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a society that is found through symbolic interaction.

8. Bounded et.al

Culture is something that is formed by the development and transmission of human beliefs through certain symbols, such as language symbols as a series of symbols used to shift the cultural beliefs among members of a society. The messages about the culture that is expected can be found in the media, government, religious institutions, educational systems and the like.

9. Mitchell (Dictionary of Soriblogy)

Culture is a partial repetition of action or the whole of human activity and human-generated products that have been popular in the community socially and not simply transferred genetikal.

10. Robert H. Lowie

Culture is everything that is received by the individual from society, including beliefs, customs, artistic norms, eating habits, a skill that was obtained was not of his own creativity, but a legacy of the past which can be through formal or informal.

11. Archaeologists R. Seokmono

Culture is the result of human effort, either an object or just a fruit of thought and in life.

Culture is a set of rules and norms shared by members of the community, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior that is deemed feasible and can be accepted by all societies.

The Meaning of Culture

Culture is a modern concept based on a term first used in classical antiquity by the Roman orator,Cicero: "cultura animi". The term "culture" appeared first in its current sense in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, to connote a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the 19th century, the term developed to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-19th century, some scientists used the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity. For the German nonpositivist sociologist Georg Simmel, culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history".

In the 20th century, "culture" emerged as a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of human phenomena that cannot be attributed to genetic inheritance. Specifically, the term "culture" in American anthropology had two meanings: (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively; and (2) the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively.

A distinction is current between the physical artifacts created by a society, its so-called material culture and everything else, the intangibles such as language, customs, etc. that are the main referent of the term "culture".

The Meaning of Interaction

Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. A closely related term is interconnectivity, which deals with the interactions of interactions within systems: combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomena. Interaction has different tailored meanings in various sciences.

Casual examples of interaction outside of science include:

-          Communication of any sort, for example two or more people talking to each other, or communication among groups, organizations, nations or states: trade, migration, foreign relations, transportation,

-          The feedback during the operation of machines such as a computer or tool, for example the interaction between a driver and the position of his or her car on the road: by steering the driver influences this position, by observation this information returns to the driver.

Example of Cultural Interaction

                  Language is a cultural component. While some cultural communities use English, others,speak Spanish, Japanese, Arabic, or another of the thousands of languages spoken today. Religion is another cultural component, and there are hundreds (if not thousands) of ways that different culture groups practice and are characterized by that trait. Likewise, there is a world of cultural differences with respect to technology and medicine, economic and agricultural activity, and modes of architecture and transportation. Moreover, cultural communities may differ in their dress, grooming, music, cuisine, dance, sport, etiquette, and other cultural components, all of which make for a culturally diverse world.

Bibliography

http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-culture-and-civilization/#ixzz2ATpU6hSW

http://frank.mtsu.edu/~jbwallae/1010/lectur04.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture